XriqÀ: ]Xn\mdmw \qäm~phsc tIcf¯nse kpdnbm\n It¯men¡cpsS tI{µambn \ne\n¶ sImSp§Ãqcns\ Ime{]hml¯n \mw ad¶p. tIcf¯nse BZys¯ ss{IkvXh kaqlw ChnsSbmWv cq]s¸«Xv. tIcf ss{IkvXhk`bpsS Ncn{X¯n "sImSp§ÃqÀ AXncq]X' F¶dnbs¸« Cu hnip² Xoc¯nsâ {]uVnbpw ]mc¼cyhpw ]pXnbIme¯v tcJs¸Sp¯nbnSm\pÅ bXv\¯nemWv Ccn§me¡pS cq]XbpsS \hkmcYn amÀ t]mfn I®q¡mS³.

Gsd¡meambn a\Ên Xmtemen¨ncp¶ B kz]v\ ]²Xn¡v, _nj¸mbn Øm\taäbpS³ At±lw cq]tcJ X¿mdm¡m³ XpS§nbncp¶p. AXmWv "sImSp§ÃqÀ dntkÀ¨v A¡mZan t^mÀ amÀ tXma sldntäPv'.

aq¶p ]²XnIfmWv At±l¯nsâ a\ÊnepÅXv: amÀ tXmam ]mc¼cyhpw Ncn{Xhpw ]Tn¡m\pw Ahsb¸än KthjWw sN¿m\pw DXIp¶ A¡mZan AXnsem¶v. asäm¶v, CXn\Iw bmYmÀYyambn¡gnª "s»kv F tlmw' ]²Xn. aq¶mat¯Xv, tcmKnIÄ¡pw \nÀ[\À¡papÅ Hcp ]p\c[nhmktI{µwþkmaqlnI hnZym`ymk BXpcip{iqj kuIcy§tfmsS.

Xsâ kz]v\]²XnIsf¸än amÀ t]mfn I®q¡mS³ "It¯men¡mk`' hmb\¡mtcmSv a\kp Xpd¡p¶p:

`mcX A¸kvtXme\mb amÀ tXmamÇolmbpsS ]mZkv]Àitaä a®mWv sImSp§ÃqÀ. hnizmk¯nsâ BZyssI¯ncn sXfnª ss]XrI `qan. ChnsS \n¶mWv tXmamÇol tIcf¯nse§pw t{]jnXthe XpS§p¶Xv. CXmWv sImSp§Ãqcn\v Ncn{X¯nepÅ Gähpw henb {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶Xv.

1887  kpdnbm\n It¯men¡À¡mbn kz´w lbcmÀ¡n Øm]n¡s¸Sp¶Xphsc sImSp§Ãqcn\p tKmh tI{µambpÅ e¯o³ cq]XbpsS Øm\nI ]Zhnbp~mbncp¶p.

kpdnbm\n It¯men¡cpsS BZy Xt±iob sa{Xm\mbn \ntbmKn¡s¸« amÀ Icnbmänsb sImSp§Ãqcnsâ sa{Xmt¸meo¯bmbmWv Ncn{Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. At±l¯n\p ChnsS h¶p Øm\ta¡m³ IgnªnsöXv asämcp Ncn{Xw.

sImSp§Ãqcn \n¶v cq]Xm BØm\w ]n¶oSv A¦amenbnte¡v amdnbt¸mgpw, sImSp§Ãqcnsâ {][m\yw Ipdªncp¶nÃ. sImSp§Ãqcn ]e Ime§fn `cWw \S¯nb aq¶p sa{Xmt¸meo¯amsc AS¡w sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv AhÀ Xmakn¨ncp¶ ]p¯³Nnd ]ÅnbnemsW¶pw Ncn{X hkvXpXbmWv.

sImSp§Ãqcnsâ {]m[m\yw hÀ[n¸n¡p¶ aq¶mas¯ Imcyw, \qäm~pIfmbn ChnsS \ne\n¡p¶ aXkulmÀ±¯nsâ ]mc¼cyamWv. sslµh, apkvvenw, ss{IkvXh kaql§Ä ChnsS Ime§fmbn \ne\nÀ¯nt¸mcp¶Xv Dujvafamb aXkulmÀ±amWv. tNckm{amPy¯nsâ XeØm\ambncp¶ Imew apXte sImSp§ÃqÀ kq£n¡p¶ Cu DÖzeamXrI C¶pw XpScp¶p.

C{Xsbms¡bps~¦nepw Ncn{X¯nsâ KXnhnKXnIfn sImSp§Ãqcnsâ {]m[m\yw ]ecpw ad¶p. kao]Ime¯v "apkncnkv ss]XrI]²Xn'bneqsS sImSp§Ãqcnsâ ]gbIme {]uVn Hcn¡ÂIqSn Is~¯m³ \S¯p¶ {ia§Ä ÇmL\obamWv.

amÀ tXmam sldntäPv A¡mZan sImSp§Ãqcnsâ B[ymßnI ss]XrIs¯¸än IqSpX Bg¯n ]Tn¡m\pw Nn´n¡m\papÅ Ahkcw Hcp¡psa¶mWv {]Xo£. tIcf¯nse kpdnbm\n It¯men¡m kaql¯n\v ap¼n sImSp§Ãqcnsâ Bßob ssNX\yw ho~pw ]p\xØm]n¡pI, sImSp§Ãqcnsâ aXssa{Xn ]mc¼cyw iàns¸Sp¯pI, kmaqlnI {]Xn_²X Du«nbpd¸n¡pI F¶sXms¡bmWv A¡mZanbpsS e£y§Ä. CXn\mbn A¡mZan ]e Imcy§fpw hn`mh\w sN¿p¶p~v. \½psS ]mc¼cys¯bpw B[ymßnIXsbbpw ss]XrIs¯bpw ]änbpÅ ]T\§Ä, aäp aX§fpambpÅ kw`mjW§fpw NÀ¨Ifpw, tIcf ss{IkvXhcpsS Ncn{Xhpw PohnXhpw ss]XrIhpw Nn{XoIcn¡p¶ ayqknbw F¶nh Ahbn NneXmWv. BZy]Snbmbn hnizmknIÄ¡pÅ ssZhimkv{X¢mkpIÄ Bcw`n¨pIgnªp. sImSp§Ãqcn Xs¶bmbncn¡pw A¡mZanbpsS BØm\w.

"s»kv F tlmw' ]²Xn cq]Xbnse Hmtcm CShIbpw Bthi]qÀhw GsäSp¯pIgnªp. kaql¯n km¼¯nIambn ]n¶m¡w \n¡p¶ IpSpw_§sf klmbn¡m\pÅ ]²XnbmWnXv. Ct¸mÄ Fgp¶qdntesd \nÀ[\ IpSpw_§Ä¡v {]Xnamkw Bbncw cq] hoXw ]²Xnbn \n¶p \ÂIns¡m~ncn¡p¶p. CXn PmXntbm aXtam H¶pw R§Ä t\m¡mdnÃ. CtXmsSm¸w tIcf¯n\p ]pd¯pÅ anj³ cq]XIfnse 80 IpSpw_§Ä¡pw km¼¯nIklmbw \ÂIp¶p~v. Ime{ItaW, klmbw e`yamt¡~ IpSpw_§fpsS F®w hÀ[n¸n¡Wsa¶mWv R§fpsS e£yw.

k·\kpÅ Ht«sdt]À \ÂIp¶ klmbamWv ]²XnbpsS ]n³_ew. Hmtcm Znhkhpw DZmc a\kpIfpsS sNdpXpw hepXpamb kw`mh\IÄ \qdpIW¡n\p IpSpw_§Ä¡p A\p{Kambn HgpInsb¯p¶p.

AhiXb\p`hn¡p¶hscbpw tcmKnIfmbhscbpw \mw F{Xt¯mfw ]cnKWn¡p¶p F¶Xv Hcp]t£, \½psS B[ymßnIXbpsS AfhptImemsW¶p ]dbmw. km´z\hpw klmbhpw ]cnKW\bpw BhiyapÅ Ht«sdt¸À \½psS Npänepap~v. InS¸ptcmKnIÄ DÄs¸sSbpÅ ChÀ¡pth~n Hcp ]p\c[nhmktI{µw. Fsâ a\knepÅ aq¶mas¯ ]²XnbmWnXv. sImSp§Ãqcnse Hcp hyàn CXn\mbn 50 skâv Øew X¶n«p~v. k·\kpIfpsS klmbt¯msS CXpw bmYmÀYyamIpsa¶v F\n¡v {]Xo£bp~v.'

amÀ tXmam Çolmsb¶p tI«m sRc¼pIfn tNmc Xnfbv¡p¶ hyànbmWv Ccn§me¡pSbpsS kmcYnbmb amÀ t]mfnsb¶v taPÀ BÀ¨v _nj]v amÀ tPmÀPv Bet©cn Hcn¡Â ]dªXn ]XncnÃ.

hnip²hpw IÀa\ncXhpamb tXmam ÇolmbpsS hnizmk ss]XrIamWv kuay\mb amÀ t]mfn ]nXmhnsâ kncIfnsemgpIp¶Xv. AXpsIm~v, Ncn{Xhpw ]mc¼cyhpw Nhn«n¡pg¨ Cu a®n \n¶v C\nbpsa{Xsb{X kwcw`§Ä Dbcm\ncn¡p¶psht¶ Adntb~XpÅq.

XriqÀ: FkvHFkv Ip«nIfpsS {Kma¯n anI¨ {]hÀ¯\¯n\pff "t{]w ]´n saU Hm^v HmWÀ þ 2011' {^m³knkv \oe¦mhnen\v. C´ybnse§pw imJIfpÅ FkvHFkv {]Øm\¯nse 3500 Ìm^wK§fn \n¶mWv anI¨ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pÅ AhmÀUn\v {^m³knkns\ XncsªSp¯Xv. 25,000 cq]bpw kzÀWsaUepw AS§p¶XmWv AhmÀUv. Xriqcn\Sp¯v apfb¯v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ FkvHFkv Ip«nIfpsS {Kma¯n {^m³knkv tkh\w sN¿m³ XpS§nbn«v 29 hÀjw. Xriqcn FkvHFkv UbdÎÀ Bbncp¶ hnÎÀ ss]\mS¯ns\m¸w Bcw`¯nte ChnsS F¯nbXmbncp¶p {^m³knkv. A¡u~vkv hn`mK¯nembncp¶p tPmen. F¦nepw B tPmenbn am{Xw {^m³knkv HXp§n \n¶nÃ. \ncmew_cpw A\mYcpamb Ip«nIsf Is~¯n AhÀ¡v Ip«nIfpsS {Kma¯n A`bw \ÂIm³ At±lw ap¶n«nd§n.

aq¶p ]Xnämt~mfw \o~ tkh\¯n\nSbn 160 e[nIw Ip«nIsf FkvHFkn F¯n¡m³ Ignªpsh¶p At±lw kt´mjt¯msS HmÀ¡p¶p. A\mY _mey§sf ssI]nSn¨p \S¯p¶ {^m³knkn\v Xncnªp t\m¡pt¼mÄ, a\kn \ndbp¶Xv NmcnXmÀYyw am{Xw.

1983  amÀ tPmk^v Ip~pIpfw ]nXmhv \ÂInb apfbs¯ Øe¯v FkvHFkv {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¡pt¼mÄ {^m³knkpw ap³\ncbn \nesIm~p. A½amcnÃm¯ Ip«nIÄ, A½amcpsS kvt\lw e`n¡m¯ Ip«nIÄ F¶nhÀ¡v A½bn \n¶p In«msX t]mb kvt\lhpw IcpXepw hmÕeyhpw \ÂIpI, AhÀ¡v \à hnZym`ymkw \ÂIn hfÀ¯pI F¶XmWv FkvHFkv {Kma§fpsS e£yw. al¯mb Cu ZuXy¯n ]¦mfnbmIm³ IgnªXv PohnX¯nse Gähpw henb `mKyambn ImWp¶p {^m³knkv. Ct¸mgpw ChnSs¯ {]hÀ¯\§fn A½ a\Ênsâ Pm{KXtbmsS kPohamWv At±lw.

Cu AhmÀUv e`n¡p¶ aq¶mas¯ hyànbmWv {^m³knkv. ap¡m«pIc CShImwKamb At±lw 20 hÀjambn apfb¯v Ønc Xmakw. `mcy: eoe, a¡Ä: s{^\nÂ, t{^b. HtÎm_À 13\v UÂlnbn AhmÀUv kzoIcn¨p.

XriqÀ: ]mgm¡m\pÅXÃ, ]mgv hkvXp¡Ä. kwibaps~¦n an\n {^m³knknt\mSv tNmZn¡pI. an\nbpsS IchncpXn F´pw GXpw hne]nSn¸pÅ IemkrãnIfmbn amdp¶p.

{_Uv, KpfnIbpsS IhÀ, DÅns¯men, ImÀUv t_mÀUv, tkm¸v, XpWn, ]gb ISemkv, ap¯pIÄ, sXÀtamt¡mÄ F¶nhsbÃmw an\nbpsS I¿n at\mlc hkvXp¡fmbn cq]m´cs¸Sp¶p. hSq¡cbnse hoSp \ndsb an\n krãn¨ IuXpIhkvXp¡fpsS IehdbmWv.

hn¸\bvt¡m {]ZÀi\¯nt\m Aà Chsb¶vv an\n. ho«ptPmenIÄ IgnªpÅ CSthfIsf kpµcam¡p¶ Cu tlm_n 10 hÀj¯ntesdbmbn XpScp¶p. Aepan\nbw joän \nÀan¨p X¿mdm¡nb "Ahkm\s¯ A¯mgw' {]Xn`bpsS Xnf¡wsIm~v thdn«p \n¡p¶p.

ssIs¯mgnembn kzoIcn¡m³ B{Kln¡p¶hÀ¡v amÀK \nÀt±i§Ä \ÂIm\pw an\n X¿mÀ. C{Xbpw Imew Cu IcIuie hkvXp \nÀamWw XpScm³ ImcWw Xsâ IpSpw_¯nsâ t{]mÕml\amsW¶vv an\n. `À¯mhv {^m³knkpw GI aIÄ en]nbpw an\nbnse IemImcn¡vv ]n¶nep~v.

ho«ptPmenIfpw aäpw Ignªp In«p¶ kaba{Xbpw Snhnbnse I®oÀ ]c¼cIfn Hgp¡n¡fbp¶hÀ¡v an\n {^m³knkv \nÀan¡p¶ IebpsS "dnbmenän tjm' A\pIcn¡mw. F´m, IcIuie hkvXp \nÀamW¯n HcpssI t\m¡pt¶m?

\nkmcImcW§fpsS t]cn hnhml_Ôw thÀ]mSnsâ h¡nse¯n \n¡p¶ Hcp]mSv IpSpw_§sf \ap¡dnbmw. CcpIq«cpsSbpw `mK¯p \n¶v H¶p Nn´n¡mt\m, AhcpsS {]iv\§Ä a\knem¡mt\m Ignbp¶ Hcmfps~¦n Ipd¨p PohnX§sf¦nepw \ap¡v c£n¡m\mIpw. A¯c¯n kn. tdmkv tPm¬ sN¿p¶ tkh\w kvXpXyÀlamWv.

KpcphmbqÀ t]menkv kvtäj\nse "hna³ Bâv ssNÂUv sl¸v sse³' hn`mK¯n aq¶p hÀjambn knÌÀ Iu¬knedmbn tPmen sN¿p¶p. hnhmltamN\w, Ip«nIÄs¡XnscbpÅ NqjW§Ä, IpSpw_hpambn _Ôs¸« tIkpIÄ F¶nhsbms¡bmWv {][m\ambpw knÌÀ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ hnjb§Ä.

knÌdpsS \nKa\¯n hnhmlw Ignªv Hcp amkw apX Hcp hÀjw hscbpÅ ImeL«¯n\nSbnemWv Gähpw IqSpX hnhmltamN\§Ä \S¡p¶Xv. \nkmcImcy§fpsS t]cnemWv an¡hmdpw Cu hg¡pIÄ apgph³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xpw. \mc§mshÅw ]ngnbp¶Xns\ sNmÃn hsc hg¡n«v hnhmltamN\¯nse¯nb Z¼XnIsf knÌÀ¡dnbmw.

200  A[nIw hnhmtamN\tIkpIÄ h¶n«pÅXn 75 Hmfw _Ô§sf H¶n¨ptNÀ¡m\mbXnsâ NmcnXmÀYyw knkväÀ¡p~v. Hcp Znhkw F«p tIkpIÄ hsc knkväÀ ssIImcyw sN¿mdp~v. tI{µ Kh¬saânsâ IognemWv knkväÀ tPmen sN¿p¶sX¦nepw CsXmcp kuP\ytkh\amWv.

KpcphmbqÀ Het¡¦n tPm¬þknknen Z¼XnIfpsS aIfmb kn. tdmkv tPm¬ kmaqly{]hÀ¯\§fn _ncpZm\´c_ncpZw (FwFkvU»yp) t\Snbn«p~v. XriqÀ adn\ tlman Xmakn¡p¶ knkväÀ tlmfn ^manen k`mwKamWv.

XIÀ¶pt]mtb¡mhp¶ Hcp]mSp _Ô§sf ]pXpPohnX¯nte¡v ssI]nSn¨p Ibäm³ knÌdpsS tkh\§Ä¡mbn«p~v. C\nbpw Hcp]mSp IpSpw_§fn kvt\l¯nsâbpw \·bpsSbpw hn¯p hnXbv¡m³ knÌÀ¡mhs«.